不可译性及其补偿方法

　　不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法
　　【Abstract】ThispaperdiscussestheproblemofuntranslatabilitybetweenChineseandEnglish，includinglinguisticandculturaluntranslatability。EnglishbelongstotheIndoEuropeanlanguagefamily，andChinesebelongstotheSinoTibetanlanguagefamily。Thephonemicsystem，characterstructureandfigureofspeechareallcompletelydifferent，andmostoftheseinonelanguagedonothaveequivalentintheotherlanguage。Thiscauseslinguisticuntranslatability。Differentcountryandregionhavedifferentculturalbackground，suchashistory，religionandsociety，andsoon，thesearenotexistinothercountryandregion。Soitisdifficulttotranslate。Butuntranslatabilityisnotabsolutely，weshouldunderstandthecoexistenceoftranslatabilityanduntranslatability。Baseontheunderstanding，wecanusesomemethodtocompensateinordertolessthebarrierintranslationandpromoteslanguageandculturecommunication。
　　【Keywords】methodofcompensation
　　【摘要】本文讨论汉英翻译中的不可译性问题，包括语言不可译性和文化不可译性。英语属于印欧语系，而汉语属于汉藏语系，其语音系统，文字结构和修辞方法都完全不同，这些绝大多数都无法在另一语言中找到对等语，这便造成了语言的不可译性。不同的国家和地区有着不同的历史、宗教、社会等文化背景，这些在别的国家和地区都是不存在的，所以给翻译造成了困难。但不可乙性并非绝对的，我们必须在理解可译性与不可译性是共同存在的，在此理解的基础上，我们可以采用补偿方法，目的在于对不可译性进行一定程度的补偿，尽量减少翻译障碍，促进语言与文化交流。
　　【关键词】不可译性；语言不可译性；文化不可译性；补偿方法
　　1。Introduction
　　Untranslatabilityisapropertyofatext，orofanyutteranceinonelanguage，forwhichnoequivalenttextorutterancecanbefoundinanotherlanguage。
　　J。C。Catford，acelebratedtranslationscholaroflinguisticsschool，raisedtheissueofuntranslatabilityin1965。Hearguesthatthelinguisticuntranslatabilityisduetothedifferencesinthesourcelanguageandthetargetlanguage，whereascultureuntranslatabilityisduetotheabsenceinthetargetlanguageofrelevantsituationalfeatures。〔1〕
　　Nidapresentsarichsourceofinformationabouttheproblemofloseintranslation，inparticularaboutthedifficultiesencounteredbythetranslatorwhenfacingwithtermsorconceptsinthesourcelanguagethatdonotexitinthetargetlanguage。〔2〕
　　PeterNewmarkhasoncebrieflytalkedaboutthedeviationintranslation。〔3〕
　　InChinatoday，manytranslationexpertsandscholarshavealsodiscussedtheproblemtosomeextentintheirpapers。
　　Theproblemofuntranslatabilityisalwaysadisputedissue。Nowadays，itiswellacceptedthattranslationisapossibleandfeasibletask。However，therearestillsomelanguagepointsthataredifficulttotranslate，whichiscalledthephenomenonofuntranslatability。
　　Linguisticandculturaldifferences，thetwocategoriesofuntranslatabilityphenomenonarecausedbydifferentfactors。Theseresultingfromthelinguisticdifferenceswillhardlychangewhilethoseresultingfromculturaldifferencesmaybecometranslatableinthefuturebyusingthemethodsofcompensationandtheskilloftranslators。
　　2。Linguisticuntranslatability
　　ProfessorLiuMiqingwroteinhisModernTranslationTheoriesthatThestructureoflanguagecommonlyshowsthecharacteristicsofthelanguage，thesecharacteristicsonlycanbefoundinrelativelanguage，thesimilartransferisdifficulttofindinnonrelativelanguage，foritneedtochangethecodecompletely。〔4〕P107Viewfromtheetymology，EnglishbelongstotheIndoEuropeanlanguage，butChinesebelongstotheSinoTibetanlanguage，sothereexitthelinguisticuntranslatability，whichincludesthefollowingaspects：phonology，character，figureofspeech，andsoon。
　　2。1。Untranslatabilityinphonology
　　Anylanguagehasitsownspecialphonemicsystem，whichcannotbereplacedbyotherlanguage。TherearelargedifferencesbetweenChineseandEnglish，andmostofthepronunciationsinonelanguagedonothaveequivalentintheotherlanguage。Therefore，theycannotbetranslatedintothetargetlanguage。Forexample：
　　（1）石诗士施氏，嗜狮，誓食十狮
　　Theauthorwrotethewholepassageinhomophonewords。Thisisatypicalexampleofuntranslatabilitycausedbyphonemicsystem。Seeanotherexample：
　　（2）Cat，cat，cat，catchthefatratfast。
　　Iftranslateitinto：猫，猫，猫，快抓住那只肥老鼠thatwilllosethephonemiceffect，anditonlytranslatesthemeaning。
　　2。2。Untranslatabilityincharacterstructure
　　Chinesewordsconsistofcharactersthathavetheirmeaning，butE不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法nglishwordsconsistofalphabetsthataremeaningless。Theyarecompletelydifferentinwriting。Chinesehasawritingskillofdescribingcharacters，forexample：
　　（3）人曾为僧，人弗可以成佛，女卑为婢，女又何妨成奴，鸿是江边鸟，蚕是天下虫，琴瑟琵琶八大王，王王在上，魑魅魍魉四小鬼，鬼鬼靠边。TheyareallusingthespecialfeatureofChinesecharacters，todescribethecharacterstructureinpoetry，alsohavingtheirmeaning。ButEnglishhasnosuchstructuresinalphabeticalsystem，sotheyareabsolutelyuntranslatable。
　　SomeriddlesthatarerelativetothestructureofcharactersorEnglishwordsarealsountranslatable，forexample：
　　（4）田头长草（苗），Whatmakesaroadbroad？（TheletterB）。Ifthelatterriddleistranslatedinto：什么使道路变宽？（字母B）Everybodywillfellridiculous，andnoonecanunderstandthat。
　　2。3。Untranslatabilityinfigureofspeech
　　Mostofthelanguageshavetheirownfiguresofspeech。Justbecauseoftheexistenceoffigureofspeech，thelanguagesbecomevividandinteresting。Intranslationpractice，ifthetargetlanguagecannotshowthefigureofspeechinsourcelanguagecorrectly，itisnotfaithfultothecontent，thoughtandstyleofthesourcelanguage。Althoughthemeaningsaresimilar，itwilllessthelanguageinfluenceofthesourcetext。ThepeoplewhospeakChineseandthepeoplewhospeakEnglishhavelargedifferencesinthewayofthinkingandaesthetic，sowhentheyexpressthesameconcept，theyoftenusedifferentfigureofspeech。ThesecausedtheuntranslatabilityinChineseEnglishtranslation。Ithasthefollowingmainaspects：
　　2。3。1。Puns
　　Punmeanshumoroususeofawordthathastwomeaningsorofdifferentwordsthatsoundthesame。Punspackseveralmeaningsintooneword，anditisextremelyunlikelythatanyotherlanguagewillpackintothesamesetofmeanings，soitisdifficulttotranslateintothetargetlanguage。Exampleone：
　　（5）杨柳青青江水平，闻郎江上唱歌声，东边日出西边雨，道是无晴却有晴
　　Here晴isapun，anditalsomeans情，ZhangQichuntranslateitintoThewillowsaregreen，green，theriverisserene。Thenceishissongraftedtome。Intheeastthesunisrising，inthewesttherainisfalling。Canyouseeifit’sfairorfoul？Inthistranslation，thetranslatordidverywell，especiallyingreen，serene，fairorfoul，buthecannottranslatethepuncompletely。
　　Exampletwo：
　　（6）Sheistoolowforahighpraise，toobrowntoafairpraise，andtoolittleforagreatpraise。
　　Thelowandfairareallpunsinthissentence。Lowmeansshortinheightandlowsocialstatus。Fairmeanspaleskin，lightincolorandjustice。ThereisnowordorphraseinChinesehavingthetwomeaningstogether，sothetranslatorcannottranslatethetwomeaningsintoChinese，onlyadaptedonemeaning，andwilllosetheothermeaning。
　　2。3。2。Palindrome
　　Thefigureofspeechofpalindromemeansaword，verseorsentencethatreadthesamewhenthecharactersorletterscomposingitaretakenthereverseorder。〔5〕P174TherearemanypalindromewordsinEnglish，suchasAnna，dad，bob。Englishpalindromeisbasedonletters，thelettershavenomeaning，anditreadsthesamewhentheorderisreversed。Forexample：
　　（7）WasitacatIsaw？
　　（8）AblewasIereIsawElba！
　　（9）Madam，I’mAdam
　　Iftheyaretranslatedinto我看到的是猫吗？，在我看到俄尔巴岛之前还没有倒！，夫人，我是亚当。，theeffectarealllostwithoutanypalindrome，soitisalmostuntranslatable。
　　ThepalindromeinChineseisuntranslatableaswell，forexample：
　　（10）客上天然居，居然天上客。
　　（1
　　1）雾锁江心江锁雾，天连海角海连天。
　　2。3。3。Alliteration
　　Alliterationisusingthesameletterorsoundatthebeginningofthetwoormorewordsinsuccession。ItisacommonfigureofspeechinEnglish，especiallyinproverb，advertisement，novelandsoon。，andmostofthealliterationareuntranslatable。〔6〕P33Forexample：
　　（1
　　2）Tomanyparents，thethreeGs，gays，guys，andgangshavereplacedthethreeRsasbenchmarkofschoollife。
　　对于许多父母来说，同性恋，枪支，帮派这三个词已经代替了读，写，算作为学校的基本尺度。
　　Inthistranslation，thethreeGs，gays，guys，gangsarealliteration，whichemphasizetheseriousproblemsofthegays，guysandgangs，butaftertranslatingthemintoChinese，wecannotseethiseffect。
　　2。3。4。Malapropism
　　MalapropismcomesfromRichardSheridam’scomedyTheRivals，ahonoredladynameMalaprop，whooftenspeakswrongwordsorpronunciation。Malapropismisafigureofspeechusingwrongwordswithsimilarpronunciationt不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法ensionorintensiontoreachthehumorseffect。〔7〕P75Malapropismbringsdifficultiesintranslation。Forexample：
　　（1
　　3）我推开澳门，看到地上铺的是巴基斯坦，桌上摆的是刚果
　　Thisisasentencefromcrosstalk，Chinesepeopleknowthehumorsnaturally，butifitistranslateditinto：Pushingopenthe‘Macau’，Isaw‘Pakistan’pavedonthefloorand‘Congo’onthetable。Englishreaderscannotacceptthat，for‘Macau’isnotadoor，‘Pakistan’isnotablanket，and‘Congo’isnotfruiteither。MostoftheyoungergenerationinChinahaveheardthishumoroussentence：我手持郑伊健，脚踏温兆轮，翻过赵本山，穿过关芝林，跨过潘长江，来到周星池Itisuntranslatabletoo。
　　3。Culturaluntranslatability
　　AccordingtoJ。C。Catford，instanceofuntranslatabilitycanarisefromtwosources：oneislinguistic，andtheotherisculture。〔8〕P25
　　Nidaalsomentionsthatwordshavemeaningonlyintermsofthetotalculturalsetting。
　　Andwhatisculture，EdwardTylorgavethedefinitiontheearliestinhisthePrimitiveCulture：Cultureorcivilizationtakeninitswideanthrographicsenseisthatcompletewholewhichincludeknowledge，beliefs，art，morals，law，customandothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbyamenasamemberofsociety。〔9〕P478
　　PeterNewmarkwroteinhisATextbookofTranslation：Idefinethecultureasthewayoflifeandhismanifestationthatarepeculiartoacommunitythatusesapeculiarlanguageasitsmeansofexpression。〔10〕P94
　　Translationisaveryimportantmediumforculturalexchangebetweenpeopleusingdifferentlanguages。Itisoneofthemostimportanttasksfromtranslatorsandtranslationresearchersviewingproblemsoftranslationfromtheangleofculturalexchangeinordertoincreasethedegreeofculturalexchangeachievedbytranslationasmuchaspossible。
　　Itisknowntoallthatlanguageisanimportantaspectofculture。Cultureincludesandaffectslanguage，itisthegroundfromwhichlanguagegrowsanddevelops。Alllanguagesareproductsofthecultureofthecountryandthenation。Theyallhavelonghistoricalbackgroundandvariousculturalconnotations。Thehistory，socialsystem，naturalenvironment，religionandcustomsareallshownvividlyintheirculturallyloadedwords，proverbs，idioms，andsoon。Intraditionalpractice，thereareoftennosuchwordsintargetlanguage，andthetranslatorshavetofindthesimilarcodesormakesomenewcodestoreplace，sowhentheseculturallyloadedwordsaretranslatedintoanotherlanguage，theculturalconnotationsarelost。Nidaoncepointedoutthat：Forthesuccesstranslation，beingfamiliarwithtwoculturesisevenmoreimportantthanmasteringtwolanguages，becausethelanguagehasitsmeaningonlyintheculturalbackground。〔11〕P92
　　Chineseculturebelongstoeasternculture，andEnglishcultureisEuropeanandAmericanculture，whichbelongstothewesternculture。Thereareessentialdifferencebetweeneasterncultureandwesternculture，sotheuntranslatabilityisunderstandable。
　　3。1。Untranslatabilityresultedfromculturegap
　　3。1。1。Materialculture
　　Differentnationsliveindifferentplaces，andwillhavedifferentimagesforthesamething。WeoftenhearsomeChinesesay：走，喝酒去！Theword酒isdifficulttotranslate。Itincludesliquor，spirit，alcohol，drink，beer，wine，andsoon。Thesewordsareall酒，buttheliquorandspiritmeanslowquality，andthedrinksincludeharddrinksandsoftdrinks，whilethewineisoftenreferredtothegrapeorfruitwine。
　　InEnglish，thedaffodilisthesymbolofspringandhappiness，butinChinese，itisonlyakindofflowercalled黄水仙。InChinesepeople’smind，theplum，orchid，chrysanthemumandbambooareallthesymbolofhighspirit。ButEnglishpeopledonotthinkso。Peoplelivetogetherinonecountryorregion，andwillformtheirowntraditions，thesetraditionswillpassfromgenerationtogeneration。Andothercountriesorregionspeoplemaynothavethesetraditions，eventheyhave，butindifferentmeaning，thusmakingthesetraditionsuntranslatable。
　　Forexample：
　　（1
　　4）AccordingtoEnglishtradition，thefamilywillthrowoldshoestotheunmarriedcoupleswhentheygooutofthehouse，whichmeanswishthemluck，butifthistraditionistranslatedinto扔旧鞋，theChinesepeoplewillmisunderstandit。ForinChina，throwingoldshoestoawomanistoabuseher。
　　Forthetraditionreason，alotofappellationsareuntranslatable。ThemeaningofEnglishuncleincludesuchChinesewordsas叔父（father’syoungerbrother），伯父（father’selderbrother），舅舅（mother’不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法sbrother），姑父（father’ssister’shusband），姨父（mother’ssister’shusband），叔叔（father’syoungerbrotherorafriendoracquaintanceaboutthesameageasayoungperson’sparent）。ItwouldbeconsideredaterriblemistakeinChineseculturetorefertothefather’sbrotheras舅舅，soiftherelationisnotclearinEnglish，itcannotbetranslatedintoChinese。
　　3。1。3ReligiousCulture
　　Inreligion，translationbecomesthemission。Chinesehavetranslatedinthisfieldforalongtime，butChinesepeopledonothaveChristianitybackground。ThusmanyoftheculturewillmakeChinesepeoplemisunderstand。
　　Forexample：
　　（1
　　5）EndoftheworldwillmakeChinesepeoplethinkofthecomingofgreatdisaster，inwhichallthehumanbeingwilldie，andtheywillfeelfear。ButtotheEnglishpeople，ithasnothingtodowithdisaster。Itisthecomingofthejusticemoment。
　　3。1。4。Historicalculture
　　Thehistoryofanationistherecordofthesocialdevelopment。Idiomsandlegendsprovidereadysupportinthisrespect。Themainproblemsthatidiomsandfixedexpressionposeintranslationrelatetothetwomainareas：andthedifficultiesinvolvedinrenderingthevariousaspectsofmeaningthatanidiomorafixedexpressionconveysintothetargetlanguage。〔12〕P65Anidiomorfixedexpressionmayhavenoequivalentinthetargetlanguage。Onelanguagemayexpressagivenmeaningbyasingleword，anothermayexpressitbyafixedexpression，andathirdmayexpressitbyanidiom，andsoon。Soitisunrealistictoexpecttofindequivalentidiomsandexpressioninthetargetlanguageinallcases。Theidiomsandexpressionsmaybeculturespecificwhichmakesitdifficulttotranslateorisuntranslatable。TheexpressionsuchasKangarooCourt，relatedtospecificculturalbackgroundprovidesagoodexample。Andthehistoricalstoriesorlegendsalsohavetheircultureelement，forexample：
　　（1
　　6）八仙过海，各显神通，三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮，情人眼里出西施。
　　3。2。Untranslatabilityresultedfromcultureconflict
　　Intranslation，somewordsinonelanguagearetraditionallyconsideredequivalenttootherwordsinanotherlanguage，buttheirconnotationsandeventheirreferentsareineffectquitedifferent，theyaresocalledfalsefriends。Forexample：
　　（1
　　7）TheChinese龙andEnglishdragon。Chinesepeopleview龙asasymbolofpowerorgoodfortune。Suchas望子成龙，buttheEnglishpeopleseethedragonasfierceandassociateitwithevil，crueltyandviolence。If望子成龙istranslatedintotoexpectone’ssontobeadragon，Englishpeoplecannotacceptthat。
　　Sincetheformsoftherelateditemsarethesame，theyareoftenmisleading。Forexample，
　　（1
　　8）thebrandnameofawellknownChinesebattery白象isliterallytranslatedintoWhiteElephant。白象meansfortuneandgoodluckinChinese。However，thetranslationelicitunfavorablereactionfromEnglishconsumers，whousewhiteelephantasanidiomtomeansomethingcostlybutuseless。
　　Somewordsofcolorhaveconflictmeaningaswell。Takeredforexample，
　　（1
　　9）ithasthemeaningofhappyandfestivalas红inChinese，suchasredletterdays。ButtheChinese红茶isblackteainEnglish，andtheChinese红糖isbrownsugarinEnglish。TheEnglishintheredis亏损赤字。
　　Cultureisoneofthegreatobstaclesintheprocessoftranslation，alongwiththelinguisticbarrierthatisresponsibleforuntranslatabilityintranslation。
　　4。Themethodofcompensation
　　Compensationisaspecialmethodthatisusedtoreachtheequivalencewhenthereisnoequivalentconceptandsuitableexpressioninthetargetlanguage。
　　Itiswidelyacceptedthatthelanguagephenomenonofuntranslatabilityisnotabsolutelyuntranslatable，especiallyintheculturalaspect。Intranslationpractice，whendealingwiththiskindofphenomenon，thetranslatoralwaysmakesgreateffecttogetrelativelysatisfactoryversion，followingarethemethodsoftenusedbytranslatorstocompensate。
　　4。1。Adaptation
　　Anadaptation，alsoknownasfreetranslation，isatranslationprocedurewherebythetranslatorreplacesasocial，orculturalrealityinthesourcelanguagewithacorrespondingrealityinthetargetlanguage，thisnewrealitywouldbemoreusualtotheaudienceinthetargetlanguage。Thismethodaimsatmaintainingtheeleganceandintelligibilityinthetargetlanguageatthesacrificeoftheformofthesourcelanguage，butwithoutchangingthemainculturalmessageo不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法ftheoriginal。Forexample：
　　（20）很好，不用瞎担心了，我还有委员的福分呢！
　　么事的桂圆？
　　是委员！从前行的是大人老爷，现在行委员！你还不明白？
　　Hegivemeverygoodnews，weneednotlookfortrouble。Ihavethepossibilityofbeingamemberofcommittee！
　　What’sacommontea？Askedthewifewhovaguelycaughtthesound。
　　Acommittee！Lordsandesquiresareoutofdate，andtheprevailingnominationistoacommittee。Don’tyoustillunderstand？
　　Here，theChineseword委员（memberofacommittee）soundsquitelike桂圆（longan，akindoftropicalfruit）。Intheconversation，thewifedoesnotquitecatchthewordandmistakethe桂圆for委员。Ifthetwowordsaretranslatedliterally，thereaderwillfindthewife’smistakeincomprehensiblesincethereisnophonologicalsimilarityinEnglishbetweenthetwoitems。Thetranslatorusethemethodofadaptation，turninglogon（桂圆）intocommontea。Nowtheformischange，butthefunctionoreffectispreserved。Commonteaisphonologicallyrelatedtocommittee。Byusingadaptation，thishomophoneuntranslatabilityisturnedintotranslatability。
　　4。2。Borrowing
　　Borrowingisatranslationprocedurethatthetranslatorusesawordorexpressionfromthesourcelanguageinthetargetlanguageholusbolus。Differencesbetweenculturesmaymeanthatonelanguagehasexpressionandconceptsthatmaynotexitinanother。Forexample，wehavenoreadymadeequivalentfortheEnglishmodel，Cocacola，coffee，logic，sofa，motor，Brandy，chocolate，Benz，andsoon。Facewithsuchwordsandexpressions，thetranslatorsarehardpressedtoconveytheoriginalmeaningandareoftenleftwithnochoicebuttoborrowtheoriginallexicalitems。SothesewordscomeintoChinese：模特儿，可口可乐，咖啡，逻辑，沙发，摩托，白兰地，巧克力，奔驰，andsoon。Andlikewise，therearenoEnglishequivalentforsomeChinesewords，suchaskang（heatedbrickbed），GuandiMiao（templeenshriningGuanYu，awellworshippedancientChinesehero），Zongzi（apyramidshapedumplingmadeofglutinousricewrappedinreedleavesthatiseatenduringtheDragonBoatfestival），Qigong（asystemofdeepbreathingexercisepopularinChina），TaijiQuan（akindoftraditionalChineseboxing），andsoon。SomeofthesehadbeenacceptedbyEnglishpeople，andsomewillbeaccepted，andthesewordswillcometoEnglish。
　　4。3。Translator’snoteForexample：
　　（20）道可道，非常道《道德经》Laozi
　　TheTaothatcanbeexpressedinwordsisnottheconstantTao。
　　Note：TheTaoisaabsolute，whichallotherthingsarerelative，itisalmightyandomnipresent。Itsvastnessorminutenesscannotbecomparedwiththingsofourunderstanding。Theuniverseisembracingit。
　　HeretheChinesecharacter道isawordwithveryprofoundmeaning，whichfindsitselfnoequivalentintheEnglishlanguage。Itisalmostuntranslatable。Throughthefootnote，someoftheculturemessageshavebeentransferredintothetargetlanguagetext。〔14〕P69
　　4。4。Calque
　　Calqueisatranslationprocedurethatatranslatortranslatesanexpression（oroccasionallyaword）literallyintothetargetlanguage，translatingtheelementoftheexpressionwordforword。PeterNewmarkrefersittoassemantictranslation。Itisamethodoftranslationthataimsatpreservingthemostculturalmessageofthesourcetextatthesacrificeoftheformalelementofthetargetlanguage，andsometimeseventheintelligibilityofthetargettext。Suchastranslatearmedtoteethinto武装到牙齿，translateknowledgeisstrengthsinto知识就是力量，translatehotdoginto热狗，andtranslate纸老虎intopapertiger。Maybetheyseemridiculeratthebeginning，buttheywillbeacceptedbythetargetlanguagespeakingpeopleandbecomeacommonwordintheirdailylife。
　　4。5Paraphrase
　　Paraphraseisasextendedsynonymandinevitablyanexpansionandad不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法不可译性及其补偿方法iffusionoftheoriginaltext。Itisonlyjustifiedwhenanitemofterminologytechnicalinstitutionalcultural，ecological，scientificcannotbehardedinanyotherway。E。g。byTLequivalent，transcription，neologismbyreproducingtheencyclopedictenorforthelinguisticvehicle。〔15〕P130Sometimes，somewordsintheirsourcelanguagedonothaveequivalentinthetargetlanguage，anditisdifficulttousecalquesorothermethodtocompensate。Andwhatwecanuseisparaphrase，forexample：
　　TheChineseidiom一龙一猪，meansoneisverycleverandcapable，buttheotherisstupidandhopeless。Ifitistranslatedintooneisadragon，anotherisapig，Englishreaderscannotunderstandthemeaning。Andtherearenosimilaridiomstosubstitute，soweonlycanusethemethodofparaphrase，andtranslateitinto：Oneisverycapable，whiletheotherisextremelyincompetent。
　　5。Conclusion
　　Forthedifferenceinlinguisticandcultural，weshouldacceptthattheredoesexistuntranslatabilitybetweenEnglishandChinese。Butweneverneglectthefactthattherearenumerouslanguageuniversalsandculturalsimilarities。Itisnecessarytounderstandthecoexistenceofuntranslatabilityandtranslatability。Baseontheunderstanding，wecanusevariousmethodtocompensatetheuntranslatabilityandlessthebarrierintranslation。Withtheglobaleconomicintegration，culturalpersity，networktechnologyrevolutionary，theworldwillbecomesmallerandsmaller。Wehaveeveryreasontobelievethatthelanguageandculturalcommunicationwillbemoreandmore，andthebarrierbetweenlanguageswillbelessandless。
　　Bibliography：
　　〔1〕李树英。OntheAspectsofUntranslatabilityinRenderingLiteraryWorks。http：www。phenomenologyonline。comseanthesisintro。htm
　　〔2〕同上
　　〔3〕同上
　　〔4〕刘宓庆。当代翻译理论〔M〕。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，1998
　　〔5〕施锦芳、郑军荣、毛怡。试论翻译中的不可译性〔J〕。江西农业大学学，2004，
　　（10）
　　〔6〕毛荣贵。新世纪大学英语翻译教程〔M〕。上海：上海交通大学出版社，2002
　　〔7〕米晓媛、金婷婷。英汉文化差异及不可译性〔J〕。通化学院学报，2004，
　　（9）
　　〔8〕金铃、朱神海。论英汉互译中的不可译性〔J〕。昭通师范高等专科学校学报，2004，
　　（1
　　2）
　　〔9〕周志培。英汉对比与翻译中的转换〔M〕。上海：华东理工大学出版社，2003〔11〕毛发生。论不可译性〔J〕。山东师大外国语学院学报，2002，
　　（2）〔13〕EugeneA。Nida。TowardaScienceofTranslation〔M〕。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2004
　　〔14〕郑声滔。翻译与文化交流翻译学新教程〔M〕。成都：成都科技大学出版社，1994
　　〔15〕PeterNewmark。ApproachestoTranslation〔M〕。上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000P