科普

　　标题：ShouldWeBewareofSadSongs？
　　source：psychologytoday丨byKrystineI。BatchoPh。D。
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　　Thepopularbeliefthatasongcanbesosadthatitcantriggersuicidehasalonghistory。Writtenin1933byHungariancomposerSeressandlyricistJanvor，GloomySundaytellsofthedespondencyofagrievinglover：mySundayshavebeenforeversad，tearsmyonlydrink。ThislastSunday，。。。flowersandacoffinundertheblossomingtrees，itwillbemylastjourney。ThesongwasbelievedtohavespurredsomanyactsofdespairthatitbecameknownastheHungariansuicidesong，andwasremovedfromplaylistsbymanyradiostations。In1936，TheNewYorkTimesreportedthesuicideofa13yearoldboy，foundwiththelyricsofGloomySundayinhispocket。TheTimesalsoreportedthesuicideofacollegeseniorwhohadtoldfellowstudentshewasgoingtomemorizetheGloomySundaylyricsandendhislifeonagloomySunday。Seressendedhisownlifeshortlyafterhis69thbirthday。Inthelateryearsofhiscareerhehadcomplainedthatthesuccessofthesonghadincreasedhisunhappiness，becauseheknewhewouldneverbeabletowriteanothersongitsequal。
　　Suicidalconnectionstolyricsarenotlimitedtoaparticularcultureormusicalgenre。In2008，aBritishfarmworkerendedhislife，leavingreferencestothelyricsofthesongEpiphanybyAmericanrockbandStaind。OnMay4，2000，Mr。Barnesfoundhis17yearoldsonGreghangingintheirgaragetwoweeksafterthefirstanniversaryoftheColumbineHighSchoolshootings。ACDrepeatedlyplayedAdam’sSongbyBlink182：IneverthoughtI’ddiealone。Ilaughedtheloudestwho’dhaveknown？Withnonotelefttoexplain，thosewhoknewandlovedGregcouldonlywonderwhyapopularbasketballplayerwouldtakehislife。Somescrutinizedthesonglyricsforclues：I’mtoodepressedtogoon。OthersnotedthatGreghadescapedtheColumbineshootingswithoutinjury，buthadwitnessedcoachDaveSandersdie，hadlosthisclosefriendMatthewKechter，andhadrecentlybrokenupwithhisgirlfriend。ThelocalCountySheriffJohnStonedisclosedthat12yearsearlier，his15yearoldson，anaccomplishedathlete，waslisteningtoasimilarsongwhenhehadtakenhislifebyhanging。
　　Isolatedcasesdonotconstituteevidenceforarelationshipbetweenmusicanddepressionsoseriousitcanresultinsuicide。However，thebeliefinaconnectionpersists，inpartbecauseahypothesizedcausallinkcannotandshouldnotbetestedexperimentally。Moreimportantly，theemotionalpowerofmusichasbeenassumedtobeselfevident。Whilemanytheoristshaveagreedthatlisteningtosadmusicmakespeoplesad，othershavearguedthatfewpeopleclaimthatlisteningtosadmusicmakesthemsad，andthatthosewhoreportbeingsaddenedaremistaken。
　　Paradoxically，peoplecanbeattractedtomusicthatevokessadness。ScrutinyofBillboard’slistofNo。1songs（linkisexternal）from1958through2013revealsthedominantpopularityofupbeat，happymusicoversad，depressingsongs。However，somesadsongstoppedthechartfortheirgenre，suchasLetterEdgedinBlack，HeStoppedLovingHerToday，andConcreteAngel。
　　Whypeoplelikemusicthatmakesthemsadiscomplex。Althoughthereisnoabsoluteconsensus，researchhasshedlightonwhypeoplecanbeattractedtosadsongs。
　　1。Abeautifulmelancholysongcanbeappreciatedforitsaestheticvalueasavehicleforartisticexpression。Onetheorypositsthatwhennegativeemotionsareactivatedinanaestheticcontext，adissociationmechanismistriggeredthatinhibitstheassociateddispleasurereactions。
　　2。Thelistenerrecognizesthedistinctionbetweenhisorherownrealityandthatportrayedinthesong。Thisdifferentiationallowsthelistenertoexperiencethenegativeemotioninasafevenuewithoutbeinginvestedinorcommittedtoanyconsequenceorbehavioralresponse。
　　3。Releasinghisorherownsadnessinaclearlyarticulatedandaestheticallyelegantexpression，alistenercanhopeforcatharticrelief。
　　4。Byencouragingreflection，sadsongscanhelpalistenerusepositivereappraisaltoproblemsolveandenhancepersonalgrowth。
　　5。Sadsongscandistractalistenerfromhisorheractualproblemsorhelpputthosedifficultiesinperspective。Comparingone’smanageablehasslestoasong’smoretraumaticcontentcanremindthelistenerthatothershavefacedfarworse。
　　6。Alongwithsadness，melancholymusiccanelicitpositiveemotionssuchascompassionandempathy。Suchsoftemotionscanpromptalistenertoprosocial，altruisticactionthatbringsitsownintrinsicsatisfaction。
　　Thegreaterpopularityofhappymusicraisesinstructivequestionssuchas：Whoislikelytobeattractedtosadmusic？Whenarepeopleattractedtosadmusic？Somepeoplearemoreattractedtosadsongs，andpeoplefindsadsongsmoreappealingwhentheyareincertainmoodsorinparticularcircumstances。Researchsuggeststhatpeoplewithapropensitytoabsorptionweremorelikelytoenjoynegativeemotionsinmusic。Absorptionistheabilitytobecomedeeplyengagedinanexperiencewithanarrowingofattentionthatlessensawarenessofdistractinginternalstatesorexternalconditions。Absorptioninmusicenablesalistenertoidentifywiththevocalistandthemessageexpressedbythelyrics。
　　Absorptionisrelatedtotheabilitytoempathizewiththevocalistandtoexperiencevicariouslythefeelingsexpressedinasong。Sometheoristssuggestthatlistenersalsomayprojecttheirownemotionsontothemusic。Researchhasshownthatpeoplewhopossessgreatermusicalempathyaremorelikelytoenjoylisteningtomusicthatmakesthemfeelsadnessorgrief。Consistentwiththeconsensusthatmusiccanevokepowerfulemotionalresponses，listeningtoasadsongcanmakemostpeoplesad，evenpeoplewhoexpectthatsadmusicwillmakethemfeelbetterbyprovidingcatharsis，theopportunitytoworkthroughsadness，ortheknowledgethatotherpeoplehavealsohadsuchfeelings。
　　Formostpeople，thesadnessevokedbymusicistransientandoftenaccompaniedbyotherupliftingorinspirationalbenefits。Thereislessresearch，however，ontheimpactofsadmusiconpeoplewhoarealreadydepressedoraregoingthroughanespeciallypainfultime。Peoplewhoaresadaremorelikelytobeattractedtosadmusic。Sometimestheyhopetolessentheiremotionalburdenbysharingitwithotherswhohavebeenthroughsimilarexperiences。Whileitcan’terasethesorroworgrief，asadsongcanhelpalistenerfeellessalone。Itcanlendmeaningtoanotherwisemeaninglessmisfortuneorloss。
　　Thereisinadequateresearch，though，onthelongtermimpactofsadmusiconmood。Somewhoaredepressedcanbecometrappedinadownhillspiralofmooddependency。Attractedtosadmusic，adepressedpersoncanbecomeevensadderandcaughtinaloopofseekingoutthemusicalsadnesstheybegintofeelathomewith。Peoplewholacksocialsupportorhealthycopingstrategieshavefeweravenuesforinterruptingthecycleofsadness。Theriskofhabitualseekingofmusicthatreinforcessadnessisespeciallytroublesomeforpeoplepronetorumination，thetendencytorecurrentthinkingabouttheirengagementinpastadversities，losses，orinjustices。Peoplewhotendtoruminateoftenreevaluatetheiractions，especiallyinsituationstheydeemembarrassing，disappointing，orinvolvingargumentorconflict。Researchsuggeststhatpeoplewithahighpropensitytoruminationaremoresensitivetothesadnessevokedbymelancholymusic。
　　Thosewhoaresufferingchronicdepressionorstrugglingthroughgriefortraumacanlessentheriskofdeepeningsadnessbybalancingtheemotionalityandsequenceoftheirplaylists。Ratherthanfocusingsolelyonthenegative，reflectingonthemeaninginadversityandpursuingpersonalgrowththroughprosocialoutreachcanprotectasenseofhope。Remainingengagedwithinasocialcommunityisimportanttoavoidloneliness。Althoughmusiccanbeappreciatedasasolitarypleasure，sharingmusicalexperiencewithothersenhancesitspositiveimpact。Extendingthemusicalexperiencebeyondthepresenceoffriendsandrelativesiseasierthanevernowwithaccesstosocialmedia。Ratherthanallowingthemusictocontrolus，wecanharnesstheemotionalpowerofsadmusictoenergizehealing，personalgrowth，andpositivesocialengagement。