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　　标题：Studyindicatesfirststepstowardspreventingsuicideattemptsbyoffenders
　　source：psypostbyUNIVERSITYOFPLYMOUTH
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　　Whiletheriskofsuicidebyoffendersinprisonhasbeenidentifiedasapriorityforaction，understandingandpreventingsuicidesamongoffendersafterreleasehasreceivedfarlessattention。
　　AstudyundertakenbyPlymouthUniversityPeninsulaSchoolsofMedicineandDentistry，supportedbytheNationalInstituteforHealthResearchCollaborationforLeadershipinAppliedHealthResearchandCareSouthWestPeninsula（CLAHRCSWPPenCLAHRC），addressesthisissueforthefirsttime。
　　ItispublishedtodayonlineinthejournalSociologyofHealthandIllness。
　　Theageadjustedriskofsuicideformaleoffendersleavingprisoniseighttimesthenationalaverage，andoveraquarteroffatalsuicideattemptshappenwithinfourweeksofrelease。AlmostaquarterofalldeathsunderProbationServicesupervisionarecataloguedassuicides，oftenbyviolentmeans。
　　Thoseatmostriskaresocalled‘revolvers’or‘churners’frequentlyinandoutofprison。Theirlivesrevolvebetweenchaoticexistencesinthecommunityandspellsincustody。Assuch，oftentheyarenotunderthesupervisionofprobationservices，neitherdotheyhavemeaningfulcontactwithprimarycareorspecialistmentalhealthservices。
　　Theresearchteaminterviewed35maleoffendersfromaCategoryBmediumsecureprisonintheSouthWestofEngland。Interviewstookplaceoneweekpriortoandapproximatelysixweeksafterrelease。Theintervieweeswereagedbetween18and52。
　　Eighteenofthe35intervieweeshadattemptedsuicideatsometime。Mosthadtroubledpersonallives：2426and15experiencedexcessivedrugandalcoholuseintheirfamilyhomes。Allreportedrecentpersonalproblems。
　　Theresearchteamfoundthatthosewhohadattemptedsuicidefellintotwogroups：andthosewhowere‘oneoffs’。
　　Themultipleattempterstendedtofeellessincontroloftheirsituationandusedlessviolentmethods。Thosewhotried‘oneoff’attemptsoftenusedviolentmethodsmostlikelytoresultinafatality，withmorepremeditationthanthemultipleattemptinggroup。
　　Comparingthosewhohadattemptedsuicideandthosewhohadnot，theresearchteamfoundthattherewasanapparentlackofassociationbetweensuicideattemptsandpreviouslifeexperience。Manyofthosewhohadneverattemptedsuicideexperiencedsimilarearlytraumaandfamilydifficultiesasthosewhohad。
　　Byfocusingenquiryonunderstandingwhysomebutnotothersattemptsuicide，andwhythosewhodomadesingleorrepeatedattempts，theresearchteamwereabletoidentifythepotentialcomponentswhichmightmakeaneffectivesupportstructure。
　　UnderexistingMinistryofJusticearrangements，thosewithsentencesoflessthanoneyearreceiveminimalprereleaseplanningandarenotsupportedbyprobationofficersinthecommunity。
　　Thefindingsofthisstudysuggestthat，inordertohaveanypossibilityofaddressingthecomplexneedsofoffendersatriskandaddressingadeteriorationinmentalhealth，suicideandareturntoharmfulbehaviour，aneffectivesupportstructurewouldneedtoincorporatenotjustcoordinatedprimaryandsecondarymentalhealthcare，butalsoinputfromdrugandalcoholteamsandhelpwithaccommodation，employmentandrelationshipproblems。
　　Thestructuremayalsoneedtoincludemethodsofpsychologicaltherapywhichtakeintoaccountissuessuchassubstanceabuse。
　　Thestudysuggeststhatsuchastructuremaybebestcoordinatedbythevoluntarysectorandstaffedbypractitionerswhoarewillingtoshowpatienceandrespectthisisagroupwhoselackoftrustintheestablishmentmakesthemreluctanttoseekhelp。
　　ThestudywasledbyProfessorRichardByngfromPlymouthUniversityPeninsulaSchoolsofMedicineandDentistry，andaGPwithaspecialinterestinprimarycarementalhealth。Hesaid：Suicidebyoffendersreleasedfromprisonisunderinvestigated。Ourstudyrevealsthatitisnotjustthosemultipleattemptersatmostobviousriskthatrequireattention，butalsothosemorehidden‘oneoff’attempterswhoseeffortsaremoreviolentandmorelikelytoresultinfatality。
　　Careforthoseatriskofsuicidewillrequirenotonlyafullassessmentofrisksandtheirneeds，butalsoanacuteunderstandingofwhereanindividualisonthepathwaytosuicide。Ourstudysuggeststhatthereisagroupofhighriskindividualswithnopreviousattemptatsuicideforwhomidentificationandengagementiscritical。