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　　grammarandusage
　　（introductiontoattributiveclauses）
　　doyouknowtheboy？doyoulikehim？haveyoueverheardofhim？yes。harrypotter。heisabraveboy。heisaboywithglasses。doyouknowthemeaninghere？hereisanothersentencetodescribeharrypotter。heisaboywhoisbraveandwearingglasses。canyoutranslatethissentenceintochinese？doyouknowwhattheunderlinediscalledinenglishgrammar？todaywewilldealwithattributiveclause。
　　thegrammariteminthisunitdealswithattributiveclauses。we’llfirstlearnaboutwhatanattributiveclauseisandthefunctionsofrelativepronounsandrelativeadverbsusedtointroduceattributiveclauses。thenwe’lllearnthedifferentusagesofrelativepronouns。
　　step1：introductiontoattributiveclauses
　　anattributiveclauseisusedtomodifyanounandisusuallyputafterthenoun。you’retolearndifferentfunctionsofrelativepronounsorrelativeadverbsusedinattributiveclauses。
　　1。wordsontheblackboard：
　　anenjoyableexperience，bestfriends，therulesoftheschool，thearticleaboutyourexperiencesintheuk
　　readthesephrasesandpointoutthenoun，theadjectiveortheprepositionalphraseineachofthemtomakesureyouknowwhatnouns，adjectivesandprepositionalphrasesare。
　　weusuallyuseanounafterapreposition，andtheprepositiontogetherwiththenouniscalledtheprepositionalphrase。
　　decidewhatthefunctionofanadjectiveoraprepositionalphraseisintheseexamples。thentranslatethemintochinese，andcomparethedifferentwaystoexpressthesamemeaninginenglishandinchinese。
　　2。goingoverpoint1onp8
　　nounscanbemodifiedbyadjectives，prepositionalphrasesorattributiveclauses。payspecialattentiontothedifferentpositionsoftheadjective（usuallybeforenouns），theprepositionalphraseortheattributiveclause（afternouns）。
　　nowlet’slookatthesentenceontheblackboard：theteamwhowerewearinggreenwonthegame。
　　theteamhereistheantecedent（thenounwhichanattributiveclausemodifies），whoisarelativepronounintroducingtheattributiveclausewhowerewearinggreen，inwhichwhoreferstotheteamandisusedasthesubjectintheattributiveclause。
　　attributiveclausesareusuallyintroducedbyrelativepronounsorrelativeadverbs，andtheirfunctionsintheclausearedifferent。
　　readtheexamplesentencesinpoint2andfindoutwhatfunctionoftheboldpartineachsentenceis。thenpointouttheattributiveclauseineachsentenceandtranslatethewholesentenceintochinese，sothatyoucancomparethedifferentwaysinwhichtheattributiveclauseisexpressedinenglishandinchinese。
　　readthearticleonpage9。makesureyoucanidentifytheattributiveclauses。pointouttheantecedent，therelativepronounortherelativeadverbanditsfunctionineachsentence。thentranslatethesentencesintochinesesoastocomparethedifferences。
　　3。dealingwithpartc1onpage88inworkbooktoidentifyattributiveclauses。
　　answers
　　paragraph1：
　　davidwasoneofthemosthelpfulstudentsthatweeverhad。（theantecedent：therelativepronoun：that，usedastheobjectintheclause）
　　in1998，hewenttooxforduniversitywherehegotinterestedinchineseculture。（theantecedent：therelativeadverb：where，usedastheadverbialintheclause）
　　paragraph2：
　　someofthecitiesinchinawhichhelikesmostarebeijing，shanghai，harbinandnanjing。（theantecedent：therelativepronoun：which，usedastheobjectintheclause）
　　mostofthestudentsthathetaughthavebecomehisfriends。（theantecedent：therelativepronounthat，usedastheobjectintheclause）
　　paragraph3：
　　someofthebooksweregiftsthathegotfromhischinesefriendsandstudents。
　　（theantecedent：gifts，therelativepronoun：that，usedastheobjectintheclause）
　　thepaintingsthatdaviddonatedtotheschoolarebeingdisplayedintheassemblyhall。（theantecedent：therelativepronoun：that，usedastheobjectintheclause）
　　answer
　　partc1（page88）245679
　　step2：relativepronouns：that，which，who，whomandwhose
　　herei’dlikeyoutoknowinwhatcircumstancesthat，which，who，whomorwhoseisused，orcanbeleftout。
　　1。readthethreesentencesinpoint1onpage10andpointouttheantecedentineachsentence。（thestory，thecakeandthebook，allofwhichrefertothings。）whentheantecedentisareathingthings，weusuallyusetherelativepronounthatorwhichtointroducetheattributiveclause。thefunctionofthatwhichintheattributiveclauseistheobject。
　　2。readthethreesentencesinpoint2andpointouttheantecedentineachsentence。（afriend，thegirlandtheteacher。）whentheantecedentsarepeople，anattributiveclauseisoftenintroducedbywho。whoisusedasthesubjectintheclause。fromtipbox，weknowthatcanalsobeusedtorefertoapersonpeople。
　　3。nowlet’scometopoint3。theantecedentsinthetwosentencesaretheteacherandthestudent。whomorwhoisusedastheobjectintheattributiveclause。insuchcase，whoismoreusualinoralenglish，whilewhomismoreformalandoftenusedinwrittenenglish。
　　4。inpoint4，theantecedentsinthethreesentencesareallthebirthdaypresents，somethingandthegirl。allthepresentsandsomethingrefertothings，andthegirlreferstoaperson。therelativepronounsthatwhichandthatwhowhomareallusedastheobjectsintheattributiveclauseandcanbeleftout。
　　5。readthefollowingsentences：
　　shehasabrother。ican’trememberhisname。
　　whatdoesthewordhisreferto？（thebrother’s。）
　　shehasabrotherwhosenameican’tremember。
　　pointouttheantecedenthereandmakesurewhatthefunctionofwhoseisintheattributiveclause。
　　inpoint5，whoseinthefirstsentencereferstothegirl’sandtheclub’sinthesecondsentence。whentheantecedentfunctionsasanattributiveintheclause，whoseisusedanditshouldbeusedbeforeanoun。
　　6。completetheconversationonpage11inpidually。thenreaditingroupsofthreetocheckyouranswers。
　　answers
　　（1）thatwhich（2）whose（3）whothat（4）whowhomthat
　　（5）thatwhich（6）thatwhich（7）whothat（8）thatwhich（9）whothat
　　7。dealwithpartc2onpage88inworkbooktogetmorepracticeinhowtoformanattributiveclauseinasentence。
　　answers
　　partc2（page88）
　　1。thisistheschoolwhereinwhichistudiedfiveyearsago。
　　2。inthisschoolthereareabout30foreignstudentswhothathavecometostudythechineselanguage。
　　3。thesestudentswhoseparentshavecometochinaforbusinessliketheschoolverymuch。
　　4。theteachingbuildingthatwhichwasputuplastyearlooksnice。
　　5。themanwhoisstandinginfrontoftheschoollibraryistheheadmaster。
　　6。nexttohimstandsagirlwhosenameistina。
　　7。tinaisatopstudent（whowhom）theschoolgaveamedaltoforwinningthewritingcompetition。
　　8。tinalikesreadingthenovelswhichthatarewrittenbycharlesdickens。
　　9。tinaisthehostoftheschool’sradioclubthatwhichstartedwas2yearsago。
　　10。studentsliketheschoolnews（thatwhich）theradioclubbroadcasts。
　　resources
　　1。studentsmaywanttoknowmoreclearlyabouttheusageofrelativepronouns。atablecanbeusedtoexplainasbelow：
　　relativepronounsusedinattributiveclauses
　　antecedent
　　subject
　　object
　　possessive
　　note
　　persons
　　whothat
　　whomwhothat
　　whose
　　arelativepronouncanbeomittedwhenitisusedastheobjectinanattributiveclause
　　things
　　whichthat
　　whichthat
　　whoseofwhich
　　2。tounderstandattributiveclausesbetterandusethemcorrectly，studentsshouldbeabletoidentifywhichwordistheantecedentandknowwhatitfunctionsasinanattributiveclause，sotheycanuseaproperrelativepronountointroduceanattributiveclause。herearemoreexamples：
　　thegirlwhothatisstandingnexttoourteacherisherdaughter。
　　thegirl（whomwhothat）ourteacheristalkingwithisherdaughter。
　　thegirlwhosemotherisfrombritaincanspeakenglishverywell。
　　ican’tfindthebookwhichthatisborrowedfromthelibrary。
　　ican’tfindthebook（whichthat）youlenttome。
　　haveyoureadthebookwhoseauthortheauthorofwhichisahighschoolstudent？
　　iusedtostudyinaclassroomwhosewindowsthewindowsofwhichwereallbroken。
　　sometimestheantecedentcanbeapronoun，suchassomeonesb。，anyoneanybody，everyoneeverybody，noonenobody，sth，anything，everything，nothing，all，those，etc。
　　高考链接
　　1。isthisthereasonatthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork？（XX上海春）
　　a。heexplainedb。whatheexplained
　　c。howheexplainedd。whyheexplained
　　2。recentlyiboughtanancientchinesevase，wasveryreasonable。（XX上海）
　　a。whichpriceb。thepriceofwhichc。itspriced。thepriceofwhose
　　3。myfriend，whoontheinternationalolympiccommitteeallhislife，isretiringnextmonth。（XX浙江）
　　a。servedb。isservingc。hadservedd。hasserved
　　答案：13abd